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   2017| July-December  | Volume 3 | Issue 2  
    Online since January 25, 2018

 
 
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CASE REPORTS
Fabrication of cast post and core by a modified indirect procedure and postcementation using a novel technique
Adiba Shaikh, Lalitagauri Mandke, Leena Padhye
July-December 2017, 3(2):91-95
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_43_17  
The restoration of endodontically treated pulpless teeth is a challenging dental procedure. Post and core is indicated in cases of extensive coronal tooth destruction where additional retention is required. The post is used to retain a core that can be used to retain definitive prosthesis. The choice between using a cast post and a prefabricated post depends on multiple factors such as canal configuration and remaining tooth structure. It has been said that if a canal requires extensive preparation, a well-adapted cast post and core will be more retentive than a prefabricated post that does not match the canal configuration. The cast post and core is fitted to the prepared root canal space and designed to resist torsional forces. However, one drawback of cast post is its tedious and time-consuming wax pattern technique. In this case report, we have used a time saving modified indirect technique for fabricating cast post and core, without the use of any reinforcement, no wax, no pattern resin but only rubber base impression material along with a novel technique of cementation, which utilizes a modified syringe with needle to facilitate even distribution of luting cement within the canal.
  16,420 819 2
REVIEW ARTICLE
Temporomandibular joint space
Aarati S Panchbhai
July-December 2017, 3(2):47-56
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_37_17  
There is a presence of interarticular space between the bony components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), i.e., between articular eminence and glenoid fossa of the temporal bone at the base of the skull and the condylar process of the mandible. The intervening articular disc, together with its attachments, divide the joint into two separate compartments, i.e., upper (superior) and lower (inferior) compartments located above and below the disc, respectively, which are referred as joint spaces. The clinical significance of joint space is of great value; the presence of normal joint space is needed for free movement of condyle along with articular disc. The widening or obliteration of joint space may indicate the involvement of TMJ or its pathology. The joint space configuration is greatly influenced by the glenoid fossa, condyle, and condylar positions within the fossa in TMJ on the right and left sides. The present review work is undertaken primarily including 37 studies from PubMed and Medline databases to reveal the information relating to the joint space, its measurement in normal subjects and TMJ disorder (TMD) patients, its correlation to other factors, and its role in TMDs. The review work would be of help to gain insight to predict the TMDs with respect to joint space morphometrics.
  10,708 381 3
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Pregnant women's knowledge and attitude toward role of stem cells in dentistry: A cross-sectional study
D Vignesh, N Vanishree, N Naveen, M Anushri, Rosa R Narayan, M. P. Neethi Raveendran
July-December 2017, 3(2):57-61
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_2_17  
Aim: The aim of this study is to assess pregnant women knowledge and attitudes toward stem cells in dentistry in Bengaluru city. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 pregnant women in Bengaluru city for 3 months. Materials and Methods: Sampling technique used in this study was convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic details, 20 questions about knowledge and 7 questions about the attitude toward stem cells and its banking were included in the questionnaire. Data were collected by interviewing the participants. Statistical Analysis Used: Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics Chi-square test, t-test, and regression analysis using SPSS version 19. Results: Among 300 pregnant women, 68 (22.7%) attended private maternity hospitals and 232 (77.3%) attended public maternity hospitals. Pregnant women attending both public and private maternity hospitals 230 (76.7%) had no knowledge and 70 (23.3%) had knowledge about stem cells. Conclusion: The majority of the participants had inadequate knowledge about stem cells and its banking and wanted to be informed. The majority of the pregnant women wanted to have their stem cells stored and preferred public cord blood banking. The data obtained in this study can also provide a basis for future studies.
  6,649 115 2
CASE REPORTS
Laser-assisted surgical removal of mucocele in a 12-Year-Old female patient
Preetam Shah, Priyam Rajesh Velani, Laxmi Lakade, Ajinkya A Deshmukh
July-December 2017, 3(2):81-84
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_29_17  
Mucoceles are common salivary gland disorders which can be seen in the oral cavity. They occur most commonly in the lower lip region followed by the tongue, buccal mucosa, and the soft palate region. Two histological types are seen: extravasation and retention. Retentive types of mucoceles are found less commonly in children. Several treatment modalities have been put forth for excision of such cysts including the use of a scalpel, CO2laser, and cryosurgery. The present case report depicts a combination of surgical and laser-assisted approaches adapted for the excision of a small retentive type of mucocele in a 12-year-old female child.
  6,569 86 1
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Correlation between blood group and early childhood caries in children of Vadodara City, Gujarat: A cross-sectional observational study
Sapna Ashokkumar Pardasani, Bhavna H Dave, Sahaj Rohitkumar Parekh, Princy S Thomas
July-December 2017, 3(2):70-75
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_35_17  
Context: The dental caries is a result of localized demineralization on tooth surface caused by metabolic events that occur in the dental plaque. Overall prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in general population ranges up to 70%. There are various studies conducted to find the association of ECC with various factors, yet very few studies have been conducted to predict and prevent the ECC before its occurrence. Aims: To perceive whether there is any correlation between blood group and ECC in children of Vadodara city. Settings and Design: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 120 selected children in a preschool. The students were segregated into two groups, 60 children with caries and 60 children without caries between chronological age of 2–6 years. Subjects and Methods: Blood group of the children was recorded from the blood group card of the patient, and dental caries status was recorded as decayed-extracted-filled teeth status with the help of autoclaved diagnostic instruments (mouth mirror and No. 23 explorer). Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney test, independent t-test, and Pearson Chi-square test were used for analysis. Results: From the total participants included in the study, blood group O+ showed maximum occurrence of ECC among all other blood groups. Conclusions: Children belonging to Vadodara city with blood group O+ are at high risk of getting ECC.
  6,351 181 -
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine in children during the primary maxillary molar extractions
Astha Jaikaria, Seema Thakur, Parul Singhal, Deepak Chauhan, Cheranjeevi Jayam
July-December 2017, 3(2):76-80
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_36_17  
Aims: This study aims to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine in children during the primary maxillary molar extractions. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients were randomly selected for the study who required maxillary molar extractions and received buccal infiltration either using lidocaine or articaine. Results: Higher mean value for facial pain scale for lidocaine suggesting lesser effectiveness of infiltration was seen in the results. Statistically insignificant changes were seen in heart rate, blood pressure, and difference in Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability Scale between articaine and lidocaine. Higher pain scores with lidocaine compared to articaine are shown in the results of the study but are not statistically significant. Conclusions: It can be concluded that articaine is better alternative to lidocaine for local anesthesia in pediatric patients.
  6,273 198 -
Tooth mobility in a nigerian specialist periodontology clinic
Clement Chinedu Azodo, Oseremen Gabriel Ogbebor
July-December 2017, 3(2):62-65
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_42_17  
Objective: Tooth mobility, which is a common problem among patients seeking dental health-care attention, causes occlusal instability, masticatory disturbances, esthetic challenges, and impaired quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of tooth mobility among patients attending a Nigerian specialist periodontology clinic. Materials and Methods: All the patients who visited the Periodontology Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, from January to December 2014, were retrospectively studied. Those with recorded tooth mobility assessed using Miller tooth mobility index were further analyzed. Results: Of the 736 records assessed, 75 patients, aged between 18 and 94 years with median age of 56 years and mean age of 53.89 ± 17.82 years, had tooth mobility, giving a prevalence of 10.2%. The greater proportion of the patients were elderly (32.0%), females (58.7%), ever married (82.7%), indigenous (61.3%), and completely dentate (53.3%). The leading primary presenting complaints were toothache (37.3%), teeth replacement (14.7%), and shaking teeth (13.3%). Nearly half (48.0%) of the patients had one or more underlying medical condition. About two-thirds (61.3%) cleaned their teeth once daily, and 58.7% had previous visits to the dentist. The total number of mobile teeth was 202. Incisors (59.4%) and first molars (7.4%) were found to be the dominant mobile teeth. The mean debris score, calculus score, and oral hygiene score were 1.40 ± 0.09, 1.49 ± 0.12, and 2.78 ± 0.18, respectively, using simplified oral hygiene index. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed that one out of every ten patients attending Nigerian periodontology clinic had tooth mobility of varying grades, and teeth of esthetic (incisors) and masticatory ( first molars) value were mainly affected. Prompt and effective care should be rendered to facilitate retention of the affected teeth.
  6,088 126 2
Retrospective study on risk habits among buccal mucosa carcinoma patients in regional cancer Center, Tamil Nadu
Ramasamy Padma, Paulraj Sathish, Sivapatham Sundaresan
July-December 2017, 3(2):66-69
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_30_17  
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma occurrence had geographical variations. In South India, the high incidence of buccal mucosa carcinoma occurs due to widespread use to tobacco chewing. There have been no studies reported on buccal mucosa carcinoma in Tamil Nadu. Objective: The aim of this was to analyze risk habits profile of buccal mucosa carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study of buccal cancer patients who reported during 2013–2015 in regional cancer center, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu. Data on demographic, socioeconomic, and risk habit profiles of the patients were recorded in a questionnaire. Results: A total of 198 buccal mucosa carcinoma patients included in the study. The buccal mucosa carcinoma was highly prevalent; 195 (98.5%) were reported with risk habits either with tobacco (smoking and smokeless), nontobacco (betel nut, pan masala, and alcohol), and multihabits. Further, an alarming identification that three (1.5%) were not have any habits of tobacco and nontobacco habits. The present study included 125 (63.1%) males and 73 (36.9%) females. The mean age of the patients was 55 years with high frequency of ≥40 years old (range: 12–88 years). Of 198 patients, 124 (62.2%) were reported from lower socioeconomic status who were likely to chew tobacco, smoke bidi, and drink alcohol. The study revealed highly significant relation of risk habits with gender, age, and socioeconomic status by Chi-square analysis at P < 0.001. Conclusions: The prevalence of buccal mucosa carcinoma was higher in the elderly male population with multihabitual. Thus, the study showed etiologic clues for prevention of buccal mucosa carcinoma in Tamil Nadu.
  5,044 85 -
CASE REPORTS
Instant cast for an immediate obturator
D Lingeshwar, R Appadurai, Lokendra Gupta, JM Sangeetha, B Dilshad
July-December 2017, 3(2):85-87
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_20_17  
Obturators are constructed to prevent the oro-antral communication that is ensued in maxillary lesions postsurgery. Often, the postsurgical rehabilitation of patients with maxillary defects is not given adequate time, which results in hypernasality and compensatory articulation. To prevent such complications fabricating immediate obturators within the minimal time that is often allotted to the dentist will be of immense aid to the patient. Fabrication of cast for these immediate obturators is often elaborate and time consuming. This article highlights a unique technique of making a cast that is instant, precise, and economical for construction of immediate surgical obturator.
  4,794 43 -
Long-term effects of childhood management of retinoblastoma using chemo-radiotherapy on dental tissues: Literature review and case report
Uma B Dixit, Komal Tekwani, Seema Raina, Rucha S Bhise Patil
July-December 2017, 3(2):88-90
DOI:10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_38_17  
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular neoplasm of childhood which is caused by a defective RB1 gene. It is detected early in life by clinical presentation including leukocoria, strabismus, glaucoma, poor visual tracking, and inflammation among others. Antineoplastic therapy that children with childhood malignancies are submitted to, have long-term effects on various tissues in the body. With timely treatment, the 5 years survival rate for retinoblastoma is reported to be 99%. Dental anomalies commonly seen in these children are characterized by disturbances in shape, size, number, and mineralization in permanent teeth. The purpose of this case report is to present long-term effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on dental development in a patient treated for retinoblastoma in childhood and discuss its pathogenesis. Early diagnosis of presence and severity of dental anomalies will help the dentist to plan and implement an appropriate course of dental treatment to make the survivor child's life as normal as possible.
  4,743 65 -